We Must Have the Right to Choose Euthanasia :: Free Euthanasia Essay

We Must Have the Right to Choose Euthanasia There are many sides to the dilemma of whether or not euthanasia should be carried out. There is the question of morality, the question of active versus passive euthanasia and the question of when euthanasia should be put into use. None of these questions are totally cut and dry. There seem to be more gray areas within this issue than there are black and white. Yet when you look at the problem on a personal level with the actual individuals involved, some of those gray areas almost disappear. People are put on this earth to live. When it gets to the point where the quality of a person's life gets so bad that they can no longer function in the world, there is no reason to force that person to stay alive. Euthanasia is therefore a necessary evil for those whose practical life is in effect over due to a terminal illness or otherwise life devastating condition. If a person is in unbearable pain and close to death or is in a vegetable state and no longer able to function, their life is by all practical means over. There is no reason to keep them alive. The only way to end their physical life is by euthanasia. The question is whether to do this by way of active euthanasia or passive euthanasia. Many are against active euthanasia because in this case you actually kill the person rather than letting them die. But both methods are used for the same end which is to end someone's life without further pain for the patient as well as for the family. The only choice to make after this fact is established is which of these means better carries out the end. James Rachels, a philosophy professor, says that, "if one simply withholds treatment [in the way of passive euthanasia], it may take the patient longer to die, and so he may suffer more than he would if more direct action were taken and a lethal injection given." (Rachels, p.111) This defeats the purpose of euthanasia which is to end suffering. Therefore, in cases where euthanasia is going to be carried out, active euthanasia is the better choice.

Queer Theory

Queer theory is not a theory of homosexuality, is an approach to sexuality and, more generally, identity, which builds on some of the ideas developed by Foucault (Reading). According to the reading, there is one point I think it’s very important. â€Å"We should challenge the traditional views of masculinity and femininity, and sexuality, by causing ‘gender trouble’†. It reminds me a real story happened in china. Last year, we have a national singer show just ‘American Idol’ but only for male competitor. One guy named Zhu, he become the most dramatic person in that show. He has long hair, wear a dress, heels, and perfect make up. He looks like totally a girl, especially his voice, is totally a girl. Every people shocked. When he starts singing, it’s totally girl’s voice. One of the judge interrupt him, ask him are you a guy? Our show only for male, he said yes, But this judge interrupt him again, because he can’t believe he is a man. The judge ask other stuff to check his Id. Afterward, the journalist interview ZHU, why he wants to dress like a girl, Zhu said I just feel comfortable when I dress like this. This video brings a big discussion on the internet. Some people think he should attend this show; he brings bad influence to tradition gender culture. Some people support him, every people has a right to do what they want to do. Apply queer theory to this event, Zhu is an example of challenging the traditional views of masculinity and femininity and sexuality, he caused ‘gender trouble’. A lot people think he is a guy, but he said I ‘m not a guy, there is no law don’t allow a man wear a dress and make up. Traditional view think male should men’ cloth, and a guy like Zhu must be guy, but the truth is no. Queer theory, is a approach encourage people can do what they want to do, can challenge traditional social view.

Plato s Theory Of Knowledge - 833 Words

Philosophers have conventionally defined knowledge as a belief that is both true and justified. Plato first introduces this concept of knowledge in Thaeaetetus where he presents knowledge, to be justified true belief. This definition sufficed until, Edmund Gettier, an American philosopher, pointed out that the conditions could be fulfilled inadvertently, in ways that did not amount to what Plato intuitively regarded to as knowledge. The goal of the Gettier problem is to showcase that one can have a belief which is true and justified, yet still not amounting to knowledge. By analyzing the concepts of Plato’s theory, I will bring to light its inadequacies, proving the complication Gettier poses to be a genuine philosophical problem. The first of the three requirements knowledge must meet is that is has to be accurate or parallel with a reality outside itself—it has to be true! Knowledge is not attainable if what you think you know is actually false. Secondly, knowledge must be ‘justified’. Justified suggests that there are sufficient reasons to support the fact, at hand. Finally, for something to be ‘known’ as true it needs to be believed. Knowledge necessitates a feeling of conviction about being right. If someone hesitates to offer an answer to a question because they lack confidence, even though they may have the right answer, it is reasonable to assume that they don’t really know the answer at all. Putting the three requirements together forms a tripartite theory ofShow MoreRelatedPlato s Theory Of Knowledge830 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophers conventionally defined knowledge as a belief that is both true and justified. Plato first introduces this concept of knowledge in Thaeaetetus where he presents knowledge, to be justified true belief. This definition sufficed until, Edmund Gettier, an American philosopher, pointed out that the conditions could be fulfilled inadvertently, in ways that did not amount to what Plato intuitively regarded to as knowledge. The goal of the Gettier problem is to showcase that one can have a beliefRead MorePlato s Theory Of Knowledge1413 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s theory of knowledge claims that knowledge is only achieved in what is eternal and unchanging. True knowledge is distinguished from all else by its unique nature of being perceived by intellection and without hypothesis. Throughout the Republic, Plato attempts to explain throug h several images of speech and conceptual examples the essence of what is and what is not true knowledge. Plato’s model of education is reflective of his belief that the purpose of education is to point towards knowledgeRead MorePlato s Theory Of Knowledge And Right Opinion1157 Words   |  5 PagesPlato distinguishes and justifies his distinction between genuine knowledge and right opinion. The three major approaches which Plato takes are psychological: based on the structure of the rational soul. Epistemological: based on the establishment of standards of truth and knowledge. Metaphysical: based on a theory of reality. Plato s theory of knowledge originates from the seemingly past debates amid Socrates and the sophists, of that Plato s dialogues give us a vivid picture. The method PlatoRead MoreThe Form Of Truth : Plato s Theory Of Knowledge893 Words   |  4 Pagesunchanging truths. Plato encouraged looking past what is directly visible in order to find truths that exist independent of the physical world. The understanding of the idea of reality through the discussion of the Divided Line and the allegory of the cave directly contributes and proves his theory of Forms and lie at the heart of his philosophy, which I think is convincing because of the extent of his discussions through experimental-based and direct evidence. Plato argued that true knowledge was not obtainedRead MoreIs Plato s Theory Of Recollection A Plausible Solution For Meno s Paradox Of Knowledge?960 Words   |  4 PagesBorja November 2014 PHIL 1301.001 Word Count: Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection a plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? The general topic is Plato’s theory of recollection. Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection the plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? Throughout many of his dialogues Plato often concludes that we cannot know something through our senses. He often concludes that we became acquainted with our knowledge in a previous existence. In Meno, Socrates states that,Read MoreWeaknesses Of Plato1262 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Meno, Plato justifies the possibility for one’s mind to uncover knowledge. Knowing one can obtain knowledge motivates the mind to gain more knowledge. Plato explains the theory of recollection by first questioning what virtue is, then demonstrating the process through the questioning of a slave boy. Although a few weaknesses present themselves in Plato’s argument, Plato presents a valid theory on how our minds can obtain knowledge. This paper focuses on exploring Plato’s theory of recollectionRead MorePlato, An Ancient Gr eek Philosopher1458 Words   |  6 Pages Plato, an Ancient Greek Philosopher by Carly Rittenmeyer Bible and the Ancient World Spring 2015 Plato, a Greek Philosopher, is known for his writings that impacted people in the Ancient Greek society. He was a free thinker and lived in a free city, Athens. He was taught by multiple teachers including Socrates who was frequently mentioned in his writings as the central character. Plato’s novel, The Republic, influenced the idea of government and showsRead MoreSocrates Vs. Plato : The Essential Themes Of The Meno1633 Words   |  7 Pagesof context that is crucial to understanding the essential themes of the Meno, largely because the dialogue sits nearly at the beginning of western philosophy. Socrates and Plato are working not so much in the context of previous philosophies as in the context of the lack of them. Further, this is very probably one of Plato s earliest surviving dialogues, set in about 402 BCE (by extension, we might presume that it represents Socrates at a relatively early stage in his own thought). Nonetheless,Read MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Gol den Mean 1109 Words   |  5 Pageswas a student of Plato, as well as founded/ taught at several academies. He wrote on diverse subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, logic, politics, government, and ethics. He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in existence during his time, and he was the founder of many new fields. Aristotle was one of the most influential of the ancient Greek philosophers. Aristotle s theory of the Golden Mean was found in his work, Nicomachean Ethics. This theory has also been expressedRead MorePlato s Theory Of Forms Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pages Plato was a standout amongst the most innovative and persuasive masterminds in Western philosophy, his impact all through the historical backdrop of philosophy has been monumental. Born around 428 B.C, he researched an extensive variety of topics; however, his Theory of Forms, found in The Republic, is an essential piece of Plato s philosophy. This is the center thought behind Plato s theory of forms, from this thought he moves towards clarifying his universe of forms or ideas. While trying

How Dragonflies Males Find and Mate with Females

Dragonfly sex is a rough-and-tumble affair. If youve ever seen a pair of mating dragonflies in the act, you know that their sexual coupling requires the flexibility and acrobatic skill of a Cirque de Soleil performer. Females get bitten, males get scratched, and sperm winds up everywhere. These strange mating habits have survived millions of years of evolution, so the dragonflies must know what theyre doing, right? Lets take a closer look at how dragonflies mate. How Dragonfly Males Find Receptive  Females Dragonflies dont engage in elaborate courtship rituals. In a few dragonfly families, the male might display his colors or fly over his territory to show a potential mate what a good oviposition site hes chosen for their offspring, but thats about it. Since dragonflies have extraordinarily good vision, the males rely mostly on their eyesight to find appropriate female partners. A typical pond or lake habitat will support many species of dragonflies and damselflies. To succeed in passing on his DNA, a male dragonfly must be able to distinguish females of his own species from all the other Odonates flying around. He can recognize a conspecific female by observing her flight style, her colors and patterns, and her size. How Dragonflies Mate (and the Wheel Formation) As with many insects, male dragonflies make the first move to initiate sex. When a male spots a female of his own species, he must first subdue her. Hell approach her from behind, usually while they are both in flight, and hold onto her thorax with his legs. He might bite her, too. If he hopes to mate successfully, he must get a firm  grip on her quickly. He pulls his abdomen forward and uses his anal appendages, a pair of cerci, to clasp her by the neck (her prothorax). After he has her tightly by the neck, he extends his body and continues to fly with her, in tandem. This position is known as tandem linkage. Now that hes got a hold of a mate, the male dragonfly prepares for sex. Dragonflies have secondary sex organs, meaning they dont store sperm near the copulatory organ. He must transfer some sperm from a gonopore, on his ninth abdominal segment, to his penis, which is located under his second abdominal segment. After hes charged his seminal vesicle with sperm, hes ready to go. Now for the acrobatics. Somewhat inconveniently, the females genital opening is near her thorax, while the males penis is closer to the tip of his abdominal segments (on the underside of his second segment). She has to bend her abdomen forward, sometimes with coaxing from the male, to bring her genitalia into contact with his penis. This position during copulation is known as a wheel formation because the couple forms a closed circle with their joined bodies; it is unique to the order Odonata. In dragonflies, the sex organs lock together briefly (not so for damselflies). Some dragonflies will mate in flight, while others will retire to a nearby perch to consummate their relationship. Competition Among Male Dragonflies If given the opportunity, a female dragonfly might mate with multiple partners, but the sperm from her final sexual partner will fertilize her eggs, in most cases. Male dragonflies, therefore, have an incentive to make sure their sperm is the last to be deposited in her. A male dragonfly can increase his chances of fatherhood by destroying the sperm of his competitors, and hes well equipped to do so when he mates. Some dragonflies have backward-facing hooks or barbs on their penises, which they can use to scoop out any sperm they find inside their partner before depositing their own. Other dragonflies use their penises to tamp down or move the offending sperm, pushing it aside before he places his own in the ideal location for fertilization. Still, other dragonfly males will dilute any existing sperm they find. In all cases, his goal is to ensure that his sperm supersedes that of any prior partners she has had. Just to provide an added measure of security for his sperm, the male dragonfly will often guard the female until she oviposits her eggs. He tries to prevent her from mating with any other males, so his sperm is assured the last in position that will make him a father. Male damselflies will often continue to grasp their partners with their cerci, refusing to let go until she oviposits. Hell even endure a dunking in the pond if she submerges to place her eggs. Many dragonflies prefer to guard their partners by simply chasing off any approaching males, even engaging in wing-to-wing combat if necessary. Sources Paulson, Dennis. Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West. Princeton University Press, 2009.Resh, Vincent H., and Ring T. Carde, eds. Encyclopedia of Insects, 2nd ed., Academic Press, 2009.

Smokers’ Social Responsibility Supporting Cigarette Ban...

Smokers’ Social Responsibility: Supporting Cigarette Ban in Outdoor Areas Audience: Smokers in the city Genre: An article in local newspaper Results of many researches have proven that concentrations of tobacco smoke in outdoor areas possess the risk to individuals, kids and environment. Even cigarette butts are equally hazardous for environment and many creatures, especially in sea. Therefore, the recently laid ban on smoking in outdoor area in our city is a good move. However, the support of smokers is very much needed to make it successful. I appeal to all smokers to avoid smoking in restricted outdoor areas in ban such as park, beaches, playgrounds, enclosed public places and places of employment. Smoke exhaled by the smoker and†¦show more content†¦People with asthma and bronchial infection problems can face problems due to drifting tobacco smoke and cause other serious health problems in nonsmokers – without any such conditions. These serious health impacts include an elevated risk of heart diseases and lung cancer along with a range of respiratory diseases. Apart from illness, many non-smokers report discomfort in presence of the tobacco contents in air. Smokers shall understand the adverse effects of their habit on people surrounding them, among them are your near and dear ones also. Apart from above mentioned problems, there are many other negative effects for which facts suggest an association with ETS, but scientists are researching further for confirmation. These incorporate cervical cancer, uncontrived abortion, and chronic respiratory symptoms in adults and reduced fertility in female. Relative risk estimates related with few of these disorders and disease are small, but as the diseases are widespread, the overall impact can be fairly large. The collective evidence suggests a relative risk estimate of 1.2-1.7 for heart disease mortality in nonsmokers. For Asthma induction and middle ear infections, the relative risk is 1.62 and 2.25, respectively. A result of meta-analysis for all women states the risk of breast cancer 1.25 [1]. Late st studies also indicate negative impacts of tobacco contents exposure on menstrual cycles. Until now, many citizens are exposed to environmentalShow MoreRelatedChange Essay4238 Words   |  17 Pagesorganisation giving a detailed description of the organisational background and the change event. The paper further goes to list the research questions and review the purpose and scope of the study. The change models and relevant documentation supporting the study are discussed and used to better gain in depth understand of the change situation. It concludes by explaining the study methods used to acquire information about the organization and change management process. 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The Red Carpet of My Life Free Essays

To further the cultural scene and repercussions, the novelist also makes a comparative study by expanding the background of the novel from the Shivalik Hills to Canada. Undoubtedly, human sensibility is alike all around. That is, human beings are not always necessarily rational even in the best circumstances. We will write a custom essay sample on The Red Carpet of My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now In such a critical situation it is difficult to get solace and comfort. In this novel, it is shown that the hills have many dull men. The reason is explained through the characterization of Kalia and his ironical life since birth. To buy liquor is his need and he has to supplement finances; he wants Gauri to earn more. She is not in a position to earn more through hard work. To fight the situation, he with all his taciturnity arranges to sell his sister Gauri for Income Tax free Rs.20,000. The man who comes forward to buy is a weak man of this area only and spends money on her to supplement the roles of a woman and an ox: Poverty thy hood uncoils often. Kalia would be a talkative man for a while. Later, he was to be dumb—Gauri a forced dumb—he willingly so ever and anon. Gauri’s buyer had constraints beyond control. His poverty-stricken condition could not allow him much to spend. Last week only, an ox of his died. The plough could not move without a couple of oxen. It would—the purchase of Gauri— definitely save him two purchases. The bride too was an item to purchase. She was so young. Always busy with physical work. (38) All this kills the life force in her. She tries to commit suicide but God saves her. One day, after widowhood, she reaches back to her family. Kalia is no more. His wife is remarried to Mahato. Kalia’s daughter is Sonam and Mahato’s son is Ravi. It is really an ironical but actually factual example of the decaying culture. The brother who is supposed to take care of the safety of a sister sells his sister for money. In the modern society, a man has lost his sense to that extent where one cannot reach the core. As far as child atrocities are concerned, they are often neglected or abused in a family or an institutional setting by those known to them. It is less common for a child to be abused by a stranger. Radha, Chhotu, Gauri etc. are made to suffer first by their biological parents, brothers or sisters: â€Å"Kalia sold sister, Gauri and later died of country made liquor. (Agarwal 125) Keeping this in mind, the novelist coins the literary term ‘genderex’ as the word gender depicts the social aspects and distinction; and, sex is a biological and nature given discrimination. The folk scene is dismal but the novelist also suggests a way to bring woman out of this vicious circle. Accordingly, free education and books in library help the poor women and Kalia’s daughter Sonam represents this. Her growth as an educated working woman suggests Kalia’s mother to pronounce that Gauri is ‘The Last Sufferer.’ Meaning thereby that free education by government would help women grow. Education makes a man perfect in his life. It is really a good tool to make a man’s future bright. Dalai Lama once said that â€Å"open your arms free get ready to change with the world but do not let go your values.† (blog.oureducation date 25-8-18 7o clock in the evening.) Characters don’t internalize their feelings and seldom are plagued by mental torment. The characters of the novel are so simple and much far away from the malice and jealousy. They have presence of such expressions in life as love, hatred, greed, fear and jealousy. The life of the rustic people is very difficult. The protagonist of the novel suffers a lot; her path of life is full of thorns though she enjoys heavenly bliss at the end of the story. Literature, based on hilly areas, is related to the illiterate people of that society. In the journey of life, the protagonist gathers courage and strength against the opposite circumstances of life and after that, appears the achievement of the fruit of success which adds heroic dimensions. The themes related to these areas are heart touching. It is, generally, in simple and colloquial language. Sonam and Ravi are good at studies. Education is free, with the attempts of government. Keeping in mind this scene, the novelist prophecies that Gauri is the last sufferer because if an individual is progressive there is much to do and Sonam is getting education to work outside domestic walls to be independent. When the moment of suicidal bid on the part of Gauri passes away: â€Å"A heavy down pour of precious pearls on the cheeks melted the filth in the heart.† (46) Gauri reaches home. In her mother’s house, she talks to Kalia’s wife frankly: ‘I say so because I know the taste of hunger.’ ‘I know the labour of an ox.’ ‘I know the anger of a husband.’ ‘I know the lack of motherhood.’ ‘I know the lack of companionship.’ ‘Without the loss of virginity, I know the loss of womanhood.’ ‘I know the stranger’s status in my husband’s house.’(54) This painful expression of Gauri, stating those facts of her life which marred every iota of joy during these years passed with the husband who is incapacitated in every sense of the word. ‘Don’t you worry about Sonam. She will change her'(55). Gauri did not die. Anyhow, she understands the world around. Gauri knows that untimely death of a young girl may be her destiny. Gauri vehemently expresses that the girl might suffer at the hand of outsiders and her life be curbed: The novelist sets a moral through the growth of Chandrima. She is an orphan brought up by Radha, an orphan, sold thrice and rehabilitated five times. Radha is sheltered by Mrs. Preet Rani in her orphanage which is later on handed over to Radha. How to cite The Red Carpet of My Life, Papers

Microeconomics Additional Cost Charge

Question: Describe about the Microeconomics for Additional Cost Charge. Answer: 1. Business passengers are less sensitive to price. This allows the airlines the potential opportunity to charge additional costs arising from the price-based policy instruments to the passengers (Brons et al., 2002). The business passengers can, therefore, be charged more than the proportional without decreasing the demand. This explains why the estimated elasticity of demand (0.4) for transatlantic air travel in business class is less than that of the economy class at 0.62. This indicates that with a slight change in price for the economy class which is highly sensitive to price, there will be a bigger change in demand hence the higher elasticity for economy class than business class. 2. A slope of a straight-line demand with a constant slope has constantly altering elasticity. The measured elasticity increased as one moves up the demand curve to higher prices and lower quantities (Bass, 2010). The explanation is based on concept of elasticity itself that is percentage change-based (amount of change and starting point of the change). Since the slope is fixed, unit change is identical for individual segment on the curve but the base values are changing. References Bass, F. M. (2010). The relationship between diffusion rates, experience curves, and demand elasticities for consumer durable technological innovations. Journal of Business, S51-S67. Brons, M., Pels, E., Nijkamp, P., Rietveld, P. (2002). Price elasticities of demand for passenger air travel: a meta-analysis. Journal of Air Transport Management, 8(3), 165-175.